Judging from the structure, the skin consists of two layers, the outermost layer, called the epidermis is composed of layered flattened epithelial cells (squamous complex), and the underlying layer called the dermis is composed of connective tissue is irregular. The second layer attaches tightly. Just below the dermis there is a layer of a hypodermic or superficial fascia which is mainly composed of adipose tissue that is not part of the skin.
The structure of dermis layer of skin
The dermis is composed of connective tissue, consists of two main areas, namely regional and papillary and reticular areas such as epidermis, its thickness is uneven. For example, the dermis of the palms and soles of the feet is thicker than the other skin. The dermis is composed of two layers of the network:1). papillary layer
A dermal layer at the top, at the top, is very uneven, with a grooved surface consisting of papillae-tiny cone-shaped buds. Papillae are cone-like projection that protrudes toward the epidermis.This projection is marked with fingerprints, which are unique patterns of parts that do not change throughout life. Network of capillaries that many in the papillary layer provides the nutrients for the epidermal layer and allow heat to propagate to the surface of the skin.
Indentations was followed by the epidermis that is on it. This layer consists of connective tissue that contains neural tissue and filled with blood vessels and lymph vessels, glands, and hair follicles. Touch receptors are also present in papillary layer.
2). reticular layer
Is the innermost layer of the skin composed of fibrous tissue and some elastic fibers and contains a lot of arterial, venous, pressure receptors, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Both papillary and reticular layer contains many fibers of collagen and elastic fibers.The presence of elastic fibers that cause the skin more elastic young people, while parents become wrinkled skin due to elastic fibers and a layer of subcutaneous fat to be greatly reduced.
In the entire dermis also contains firoblas, adipose cells, various types of macrophages that is very important in the body's defenses and other types of cells. The dermis also have a lot of blood vessels, which allows acts against the regulation of body temperature.
When the body temperature rises, dilated arterioles and capillaries of the dermis become filled with hot blood. Thereby allowing the heat emitted from the skin surface into the air.
When the ambient temperature is cold, then heat the body should be kept, for the dermal arterioles to contract so that not a lot of blood to the surface of the skin, thus little body heat emitted to the entire body.
The dermis is rich in lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers. Many nerve endings in the dermis berakir body into special receptors, so as to mendekteksi changes that occur in the environment which is then transmitted to the brain.
Reticular layer is connected with the bottom skin by subcutaneus network consisting of areolar connective tissue with exceptions in some places contain some fat cells.
The skin on the front of the neck, binding loose tissue and can move, while skin on the palms and soles of the feet and close relationship strong. In children, the skin can be stretched and bent and can come back in a normal state, the skin is still very elastic. When increasing age reduced skin elasticity and wrinkles become permanent.
